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Rug Weaving Diagrams
Glossary of Terms
The chart below comes from Brigham Young University
Anthropology Dept. website.
This page is intended to be only a brief overview of the more commonly
used rug weaving terms.
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Plain weave is the
simplest type of weave. A single weft is progressively passed over one
warp and under the next warp, working across the width of the loom.
The weft is then passed back through warps in the opposite direction
alternating from the previous over-and-under pattern. Variations are
possible by using double or tripled warp or weft threads in a variety
of combinations. |
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Warp-faced weave
fabric has greater number of warp threads per centimeter, while
weft-faced weave fabric has a greater number of weft threads per
centimeter. When both the warp and weft threads are equal in number
per centimeter, it is termed balanced weave. All textiles fall
into one of these categories. |
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Brocaded textiles use
two weft threads in each passage: one to create the foundation fabric
or "ground cloth," the other to create the design. This additional (or
supplemental) weft thread used in creating the design is woven at the
same time as the ground cloth. The supplemental thread may extend the
entire width of the textile or it may cover only a portion of it. |
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Double cloth (below) is composed of two
plain-weave, superimposed layers of fabric that share the same warp or
weft. Designs are created as warp or weft threads interchange from one
layer of fabric to the other. |
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Complimentary weave utilizes warp threads to
create the design. A complimentary weave is created by alternating two
warp threads of different colors, bringing the desired color to the
front, while leaving the other color to create the design on the
opposite side. When complete, the same design is seen on both sides of
the fabric, only the colors are reversed. |
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Tapestry is a woven
textile in which the wefts of the textile conceal the warps. instead
of one weft crossing the entire width of the fabric, however, a number
of wefts of different colors are used, each crossing back over any
number of warps, as often as needed to create the design.
Slit-tapestry and dovetailing are two examples of tapestry. |
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Twill weave is
similar to plain weave in that the weft passes over and under warp
threads. However, warp yarns are skipped at predetermined intervals to
create a diagonal rib in the weave.
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Diamond twill is
one type of twill weave. In this technique the diagonal ribs move
outward in opposite directions from a central point, forming a "V."
The pattern is then reversed, creating an upside down "V," resulting
in the shape of a diamond.
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| Two-faced or Double
weave creates one pattern on one side of the rug, and a different
pattern with different colors on the opposite side of the rug.
Although all weft colors are being used on both sides, the wefts on
one side pass over a greater number of warps than the opposite side
and are packed so tightly that the undesirable colors are hidden even
though they are being used. |
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Gauze is created as
pairs of warps are alternatively crossed over one another and secured
in position as the weft thread passes through. Open work and
complex gauze are two ways of manipulating warp threads to create
additional gauze patterns. We thank Brigham Young University for this
page
describing different rug weaving threads.
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